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JPR Advance Access originally published online on August 26, 2009
Journal of Plankton Research 2009 31(11):1407-1425; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp072
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Gulf Stream position and winter NAO as drivers of long-term variations in the bloom phenology of the diatom Skeletonema costatum "species-complex" in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA

David G. Borkman* and Theodore J. Smayda

Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA

* CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: dborkman{at}gso.uri.edu

Received on December 15, 2008; accepted on July 25, 2009


  Abstract

Bloom behavior of the Skeletonema costatum "species-complex", a keystone diatom cluster, in Narragansett Bay (NBay), USA, during a 39-year (1959–1997) time series was statistically related to variations in the path and latitudinal position of the north wall of the Gulf Stream (GSNW). Winter–spring abundance of the Skeletonema complex was ca. 10-fold greater in years when the GSNW was displaced to the south; summer abundance was 3-fold higher in years of southerly displaced GSNW flow. The relationships with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the influence of temperature on growth and grazing of Skeletonema and the advective connectivity of NBay with contiguous regional waters potentially impacted by GSNW dynamics are evaluated. The two major, regionally coupled ocean–atmosphere systems, the NAO and the GSNW, differ in their seasonal and interannual impacts and do not directly explain the specific causes of the associated variations in bloom behavior of the Skeletonema complex. Summer bloom behavior was correctly forecast in 14 of 17 years based on advanced predictions of GSNW position at its extreme northern (GSNWI > +0.5) and southern (GSNW < –0.5) latitudinal limits.

Corresponding editor: William Li


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